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Related post: them as products of constructive metabolism (anabolism) and are
thought by many to have the function of protecting plants against
the ravages of animals. Some are known to serve as reserve food.
All glucosides are characterized by the property of being split up
into glucose and other Norvasc Canada substances when acted upon by a ferment,
dilute acids or alkalies.
13. Alkaloids. Norvasc 2 Mg Chemically, these are basic carbonaceous amines
which like glucosides are products of metabolism. Their method
of formation in plants is uncertain. Some hold that they are kata-
bolic products, resulting from the breaking down of tissues, while
others believe them anabolic in character. They undoubtedly serve
as defensive agents in plants containing them on account of their
bitter taste and poisonous properties.
Properties of Alkaloids
Alkaloids are invariably found in combination with acids forming
salts which dissolve in water or alcohol. They are composed of
carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Some contain oxygen. They are
precipitated from saline solutions by the addition of Norvasc Other Names alkalies. They
are mostly colorless and crystallizable. They can be precipitated
by one or more of the following alkaloidal reagents: tannic acid,
gold chloride, phospho-molybdic acid, picric acid and potassio-
mercuric iodide.
Examples of Alkaloids
Strychnine. This alkaloid, with a chemical formula of Norvasc Patent C 2 iH 22 N 2 -
O 2 , occurs in the seeds of Strychnos nux vomica, Strychnos Ignatii
and other species of Strychnos. When sections of strychnine con- Norvasc Cmi
84 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY
taining seeds, previously treated with petroleum ether and absolute
alcohol, are mounted in Norvasc Coupons a solution of i Gm. ammonium vanadate
in 100 mils of sulphuric acid, they take on a violet-red color which
later changes to brown.
Veratrine. Norvasc 100 Mg This alkaloid, with a composition of CarE^NOn,
is found in various parenchyma cells of Veratrum album. If sections
of the rhizome or roots are mounted in 2 drops of water and a drop
of concentrated H 2 SO 4 and examined microscopically on a glass
slide, the cell contents and walls of the cells which contain this sub-
stance first take a yellow color which soon changes to an orange-red
and then to a violet.
Nicotine. This is a volatile alkaloid having the formula of
CioHi 4 N 2 which is found in the Nicotiana genus of the Nightshade
family* Sections of tobacco leaves or stems mounted in dilute
Lugol's solution will show first a carmine-red color and then a red-
dish-brown precipitate which in time loses Norvasc 5mg Generic its color.
Caffeine. This alkaloid, with a formula of C 8 Hi N 4 O2 + H 2 O,
occurs in Thea, Cojfea, Cola, Sterculea, Ilex and Neea. If thin sec-
tions containing it are placed on a glass slide in 2 or 3 drops of con-
centrated hydrochloric acid and gently heated and then 2 or 3 drops
of gold chloride solution are added, the sections then pushed to the
side and the liquid allowed to evaporate, slender yellowish branch-
ing needles of Norvasc 7.5 Mg caffeine gold chloride will be seen to separate.
Cocaine. This narcotic alkaloid, having the formula Ci7H 2 iNO 4 ,
is found in the leaves of Erythroxylon Norvasc Pi Coca and E. Truxillense. If
sections of these leaves are prepared in the same manner as indicated
for those containing Caffeine, but platinum chloride solution substi-
tuted for that of gold Norvasc And Hctz chloride, large feathers or plumes of cocaine-
chloro-platinate will be seen separating.
Aconitine (C 3 3H 43 NOi 2 ) is found in various parts of Aconilum
Napellus. It is particularly abundant in the tuberous root of this
plant. If sections of aconite root are treated on a glass slide with
solution of potassium permanganate, a red precipitate of aconitine
permanganate will appear in the cells containing this alkaloid.
Colchicine (C 22 H 2 5NO Norvasc Coupon 6 ). This alkaloid occurs in the corm and
seeds of Colchicum aulumnale. Norvasc 50 Mg It is very abundant in the cells
surrounding the fibro-vascular bundles of the corm. If a section of
VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 85
either corm or seed be treated with a mixture of i part of H 2 SO 4
and 3 parts of H 2 Generic Norvasc Price O, the cells containing colchicine will be colored
yellow. If a crystal of KNO 3 then be added the color will change
to a brownish- violet.
10. Gluco-alkaloids. These are compounds intermediate in
nature between alkaloids and glucosides, having characteristics of
each. To this group belongs solanine (C28H 47 NOii) which is found
in Solanum nigrum, Solanum Dulcamara, Solanum carolinense Cheap Norvasc Online and
other species of the Solanacea. When sections of those plant parts
which contain this constituent are mounted in a solution of i part
of ammonium vanadate in 1000 parts of a mixture of 49 parts of
sulphuric acid with 18 parts of water, the cells containing solanin
take on a yellow color which changes successively to orange, various
shades of red, blue-violet, grayish-blue and then disappears.
14. Asparagine (C 4 H 8 N 2 + H 2 O). This is an amino compound of
crystalline nature which occurs widely in the plant kingdom. It
has been found in certain of the slime molds and fungi, in the roots
of Alth&a officinalis and Atropa belladonna, in young shoots of
Asparagus, in the seeds of Castanea dentata, in the tubers of Solanum
tuberosum and varieties of Dahlia, and is known to play an important
part Generic Norvasc 10mg in metabolism. Stevens claims that proteids are reduced for
the most part to asparagine during seed germination. 1 If thick sec- Norvasc 5mg Price
tions are cut from a plant part containing this substance and
mounted in alcohol, rhombohedral crystals of asparagin in the form
of plates will be deposited upon the evaporation of the alcohol. If
to these a few drops of a saturated solution Norvasc Logo of asparagine Buy Norvasc 5mg are added
the crystals already formed will increase in size. To get satisfactory
results the saturated solution must be of the same temperature as
the mount.
15. Calcium Oxalate. This substance, occurs in many plants
always in the form of crystals. It is apparently formed by the reac-
tion of salts of calcium, which have found their way into the cell
sap from the soil, with oxalic acid which is manufactured by the
plant. Calcium oxalate crystals dissolve readily in mineral acids
without effervescence. Norvasc 7 Mg They are insoluble in acetic acid or water.
1 Stevens' Plant Anatomy, 3d Edit., p. 189.
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